煤炭城市生态经济系统物质输入输出及影响因素——以阜新市为例

Material Input/output and Driving Forces of Eco-economic System of Coal Mining City——A Case Study of Fuxin City,Liaoning Province

利用物质流分析与分解模型,以阜新市为案例,分析了煤炭城市生态经济系统物质代谢及影响因素,结果表明:资源型城市转型战略实施以来,阜新市物质输入总量增速远小于GDP;不包括水在内的物质输入结构以煤炭为主,可再生固体物质输入增长迅速,正成为支撑阜新市可持续发展的新的资源基础。农业用水是用水量的主体且比重仍在增长,而工业用水比重在下降;气体输出物质与废水排放总量快速增加,废气和生活废水是造成环境污染的主要物质;以单位GDP物质输入与输出量测算的物质代谢效率明显提升;经济规模效应与技术效应是导致物质输入与输出量变化且作用相反的关键因素。

The method of material flow analysis and decomposition model has been applied to study the material input/output and influence factors of eco-economic system of Fuxin city. The results are shown as follows： （1） The total material input/output, as well as per capita material input value have presented the growth situation, but the grown rate is smaller than GDP growth rate since transformation strategy of resource-based city implemented. （2） The total material input increases rapidly not including water, but the material input structure is unitary and takes non-renewable solid material as the core. Its proportion has been keeping above 60% continuously; especially the coal proportion is up to 44. 6%, all of which embody the prominentcharacteristic of mining cities and the structural vulnerability of eco-economic system in this city. The renewable solid material input has become the new resource foundation of eco-economic system in Fuxin city. Growth of the total material output is slow, and the proportion by the gas material is the biggest and grows quickly. So the waste gas by industrial production and fossil fuel burning mainly causes environmental pollution. （3） The agricultural water is the main body of water consumption and the proportion is still growing, while the proportion of industrial water is dropping because of implementing water-saving technology. The total amount of waste water discharges is increasing fast. Not only large proportion but also the acceleration rate of emission of the lifes waste water is the leading factor in water pollution. （4） The unit GDP material input/ output, as well as the unit GDP water consumption and the waste water withdrawal present the fast decreasing trend of fluctuation, which indicate productivity of Fuxin is being promoted steadily.（5） Decomposition analysis indicates that economical scale effect is greater than the technical effect in the material input/output and water consumption change, which is the key factor of material massive consumptions and eco-environmental pressure. So there are some basic ways of realizing recycling development, such as to adopt effective environmental policy, stimulate enter- prises to improve the technology of pollution control and clean production technology.