新疆化肥利用的空间特征及增产潜力分析

Spatial characteristics and yield increasing potential of fertilizer consumption among different regions of Xinjiang

根据1989～2005年新疆各地州农用化肥施用量、农作物播种面积和粮食单产数据,采用聚类分析法对研究区进行区域划分,并运用回归分析计算出各区域化肥的顷均施用量和增产效率。结果表明:根据施用化肥情况可将新疆分为3大区域,即低施肥量地区,平均施肥量115.88kg·hm-2,增长量5.78kg·hm-2·a-1;中施肥量地区,平均施肥量175.93kg·hm-2,增长量10.41kg·hm-2·a-1;高施肥量地区,平均施肥量219.59kg·hm-2,增长量11.22kg·hm-2·a-1。这3个地区的单位面积施肥量均低于全国平均水平。同时,中施肥量地区的化肥增产效率[kg(粮食)·kg-1(化肥)]居新疆最高,为21.45;低施肥量地区的化肥增产率为13.88;高施肥量地区的化肥增产效率为10.80,为新疆最低;但3个地区的化肥增产效率均高于全国平均水平。新疆应重点加强中、低施肥量地区的施肥强度,以发挥其最大的增产潜力。

Based on official statistical data for 1989 -2005, the characteristics of chemical fertilizer application in different regions of Xinjiang were analyzed. The relationships between yield and chemical fertilizer application in different regions were also investigated. Based on fertilizer application level in different regions, Xinjiang was divided into three zones, high application zone （219.59 kg·hm^-2）, medium application zone （175.93kg·hm^-2） and low application zone （115.88 kg·hm^-2）. Grain yield index increase （GYII） per additional kilogram fertilizer application decreases in the following order： medium application zone （21.45 kg grain per kg fertilizer） 〉 low application zone （13.88） 〉high application zone （10.80）. High application zone has the lowest yield increase potential while medium and low application zones have higher yield potential. It implies more fertilizer utilization in the medium and low application zones in order to improve grain production in Xinjiang.