农村妇女产后采用不同喂养婴儿方式对其体重变化的影响

Effects of different feeding patterns on body weight of perinatal women in rural area

目的了解农村妇女生育后喂养方式与体重滞留的关系。方法采用整群抽样的方法，调查天津市津南区409名农村产妇的孕产期情况，测量了孕前、产前及产后的体重和身高。产妇体重滞留值为调查时测量体重与孕前体重的差值。统计学方法采用方差分析等。结果（1）产后4个月内基本纯母乳喂养率为70．9％（290／409）。（2）在产后4～6个月时基本纯母乳喂养组妇女的体重滞留平均为5．8k，比人工喂养组（平均7．0kg）少，但差异没有统计学意义（F=1．45，P=0．236）；而到产后7—9个月时基本纯母乳喂养组妇女的体重滞留平均为4．9kg，显著高于人工喂养组的2．9kg（F=3．17，P=0．043）。（3）基本纯母乳喂养组产妇食物摄入量最多（901g），其次是混合喂养组（877g），人工喂养组最少（750g）。结论妇女产后体重滞留与采用不同的喂养婴儿方式有关，进行母乳喂养婴儿的产妇因为需要摄取较多能量，产后体重恢复较慢，但是其孕期增重和产后体重都较人工喂养者轻。因此，在加强产后纯母乳喂养宣传的同时，也要加强孕前保健知识的宣传。

Objective To study the relations between different feeding patterns and the body weight retention of the perinatal women living in rural areas of China. Methods A cluster sampling method was used to investigate 409 women, who are currently living in rural areas of Tianjin, at pregnant and perinatal status. While, their body weights and heights before pregnancy, antepartum and postpartum were measured, respectively. Body weight retention was the difference of the measured data after postpartum minus prepregnant weight. Variance analysis was used for statistic comparison. Results The rate of exclusive breasffeeding was 70. 9% （290/409） within four months. The net body weight retention of women （5.8 kg） using the exclusive breasffeeding was lower than that of the women （7.0 kg） using artificial feeding within 4 - 6 months, but there was no significantly statistic difference （ F = 1.45, P = 0. 236 ）. However, there was the opposite result within 7 - 9 months, the data showed that the body weight retention in the women using the exclusive breastfeeding was 4. 9 kg, which was significantly higher than that the women （2. 9 kg） with artificial feeding （F = 3.17, P = 0. 043 ）. The food consumption of the women （901 g） using exclusive breastfeeding was the highest,followed by those （877 g） using mixed feeding and the women （750 g） using artificial feeding. Conclusion The body weight retention after postpartum should be related to infant feeding patterns. After postpartum, the weight loss of women using the exclusive breastfeeding is relatively low. While,for the women using the exclusive breastfeeding, the net weight retention during pregnancy and after postpartum were lower than those with artificial feeding. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance health education and guidance on promoting exclusive breast-feeding as well as increasing awareness on prepregnant health.