计算机辅助外科手术(CAS)的方法和进展

The Method and Development of Computer Assisted Surgery

计算机辅助外科手术（ＣｏｍｐｕｔｅｒＡｓｓｉｓｔｅｄＳｕｒｇｅｒｙ，ＣＡＳ）是一门新兴的研究领域，是计算机科学、数学、机械学、外科、内科及生物医学工程学等多学科高技术的结晶。它旨在帮助医生合理地、定量地利用ＣＴ／ＭＲＩ／ＤＳＡ／ＰＥＴ／ＣＴＡ／ＭＲＡ等多模图像数据、立体定位系统和医用机器人，进行配准、定位，制定手术计划，实现手术模拟，进行外科手术干预。它对于选择最佳手术路径、减小手术损伤、提高肿瘤定位精度、执行复杂外科手术和提高手术成功率等具有十分重要的意义。在计算机辅助外科手术系统中，立体定位装置和配准技术是整个系统的关键。近十年来，计算机辅助外科手术系统取得了一定的进展，成为各国科学家研究的一个热点，已取得了一定的临床应用。

The methodology and the state of the art of Computer Assisted Surgery (CAS) are introduced in this paper. Computer assisted surgery is a new high technology which uses computer science, biomedical engineering, mechanism, mathematics, surgery, and so on.Its objective is to help surgeons use multimodal data, such as CT, MRI, DSA, PET, et al. in a rational and quantitative way in order to plan and perform medical intervention. Stereotactic localization method and registration are two cruxes in computer assisted surgery. There are several methods for localization and registration. In recent ten years, computer assisted surgery has been a cynosure of scientists. Some computer assisted surgery systems have been used in clinical practice.