不同稻蟹生产模式效益比较的初步研究

Comparison on the benefits of different rice-crab models

采取田间试验、室内化验和统计计算相结合的方法研究了有机与常规稻蟹生产对土壤理化性状、水稻产量及产量构成因素、稻米品质与经济效益的影响。结果表明,有机生产可以显著改善土壤肥力性状,与常规稻蟹生产相比,有机生产模式土壤容重降低了12.1%,孔隙度增加了12.2%;土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾分别增加5.47 g.kg-1、0.14 g.kg-1、12.2 mg.kg-1、32.05 mg.kg-1、29.96 mg.kg-1。有机模式水稻的结实率和千粒重显著高于常规模式,但水稻有效穗数显著低于常规模式,因此稻谷产量显著低于常规模式。有机稻米品质优于常规稻米,其中整精米率增加18.57%,蛋白质含量下降,食味值上升。若按有机产品价格高出同类商品30%的市场价格计算,有机稻蟹生产模式每公顷可多获净收入约6500元。

Plot experiment, lab experiment and statistical method were combined to investigate the effect of organic and conventioral rice - crab compound cultivation models on physical and chemical characteristics of soil, rice yield and yield components, the quality of rice and economic benefits. Results revealed that the organic model obviously improved the soil fertility, and the soil bulk density decreased by 12.1% , the porosity increased by 12.2%, also the organic matter, total N, available N, available P and available K increased by 5.47 g·kg^-1, 0.14 g·kg^-1, 12.2 mg·kg^-1, 32.05 mg·kg^-1, 29.96 mg·kg^-1 respectively compared to conventional model. The 1000 grain weight and seed setting weight in organic model were obviously higher than that in conventional model, while the panicle number in organic model was lower than that in conventional model, thus the rice yield in conventional model lowered correspondingly. Also the quality office improved, the head rice rate increased by 18.57%, the protein content decreased and obtained a better taste. The organic cultivation model could obtain an additional income of 6500 Yuan · hm^-2 when calculating the organic oroduet as 30% higher as normal product in price.