从北京市房山区看大城市郊区的城市化及其模式

On Urbanization of Suburbs of Large Cities and Its Pattern

本文从分析和修正传统的城市化测量方法入手,对北京市郊房山区所做的实证研究发现,尽管房山区的城市化水平在北京郊区序列里处于中上水平,但仍显滞后。这种状况的形成与北京郊区城市化缺乏统一规划、中心城区的主导产业与郊区产业的对接状况不理想、中心城区偏向政策、郊区人力资本瓶颈、郊区居民点的"均衡"分布等因素相关,但最根本的原因是由郊区城市化的"无序均衡"发展模式所致。这表明,在经济转轨时期,一个特大城市郊区的城市化进程,单纯依靠市场力量是无法支撑的,还需要政府担当重要职责——改变不合理的既有政策,提供有利的配套政策措施,提出新的发展模式,即"有序非均衡"发展模式,以保障郊区城市化进程的快速有序进行。

With rapid urbanization in China, various patterns of urbanization have appeared and have been analyzed and summarized well. Past studies on urbanization aimed at cities themselves. There is a lack of empirical analysis and experience summary of suburban urbanization of large cities, such as Beijing and Shanghai. Beginning with analyzing and modifying the traditional method of measuring urbanization, the empirical research on urbanization of Fangshan District of Beijing shows that although at the middle to high level of urbanization, urbanization of Fangshan District is still obviously lagging behind. The reasons of this include： lacking a unified plan of urbanization of Beijing＇s suburbs; leading industries of downtown districts not matching suburban industries; the policy of emphasizing on developing downtown districts; the bottleneck of human capital of suburbs; balanced distribution of suburban residential areas and so on. The most important one is the developmental pattern of disordered equilibrium of suburban urbanization. The above reasons show that the process of suburban urbanization of large cities can not rely only on the market force, so the government should play a more significant role in changing unreasonable policies, taking positive policies and measures, and putting forward a new developmental pattern, namely, the developmental pattern of ordered non-eq uilibrium, so as to speed up the rapid and orderly development of suburban urbanization.