先秦宰相职官起源微探

The Reserch of the Origin of the Prime Minister in the Pre-Qin Period

仅从以相名官的角度研究,宰相一职的正式设立确应始于战国。但在战国之前,实际上相当于宰相地位跟作用的职官已然出现。冢宰或称大宰与宰相制度的起源有密切关系,最初它是王朝的执政首辅,同时兼任王室的事务总管,随王室权利下移,大宰地位也逐渐下降,职能也发生转变,春秋时期大宰分为二层不同的含义,到战国时期随中央集权制度发展,大宰消亡,家宰发展成家相,并进一步演变成总揽政务的宰相。

In view of the reaserch of the official, prime minister should begin officially in the Warring States period. But, before the The Warrior States, there is position which has the same function and status as the prime minister. The minister of state and prime minister have close relation with the origin of the prime minister system .At first, it is a dynasty＇s head advisor;, at the same time, it is a royal affair manager. Prime minister＇s status decline gradually as the declining of the royal power and its function changed. Prime minister divides into two different meanings in the Spring and Autumn Period. As the development of the centralized society system, prime minister dispeared and became family prime in the Warring States period, then became the minister of state who evolves taking overall government affair.