立体种养对蔗田生境和甘蔗品质的影响

Effects of Stereoscopic Planting and Feeding on Both Ecological Environments in Field and Sugarcane Qualities

为了阐明立体种养对蔗田生态和甘蔗品质的影响,以传统的甘蔗栽培模式(CK)为对照,对"甘蔗间种大豆,畦间沟养鱼"的立体种养模式(T)进行了研究。结果表明:(1)T模式的株间总体相对光强要较CK大,但是T行间各层的总体相对光强要小于CK;(2)T模式的甘蔗地上部分的温度和相对湿度要高于CK模式,而且温差在后期也大;(3)T模式后蔗田土壤营养的平衡性和稳定性要比CK模式好;(4)T模式比CK模式更有利于干物质和甘蔗品质的形成;(5)蔗田生态因子与甘蔗茎的单株干物质及田间锤度的相关分析显示T模式受自然气象因子的影响要较CK稍小。因此,T模式值得在人多地少且有精耕细作传统的蔗区推广。

In order to show the effects of stereoscopic planting and feeding on ecological factors in fields and sugarcane quality, the pattern of the stereoscopic planting and feeding, ＂interplanting soybean and sugarcane in the bed of field and feeding fish in the intergroove of border＂（T） was investigated in comparison with traditional cultivation pattern （CK） by which mono-sugarcane was planted. The results indicated that, （1）the pattern T was generally higher in relative light intensities of plant-to-plant in a row than that of the pattern CK, but lower in those of inter-row space; （2） the pattern T had higher temperature and relative humidity in the aboveground space of sugarcane and the differences of temperature at the later stage of sugarcane in comparison with the pattern CK; （3） both equilibrium and stability of soil nutrient between pre- and post- application of the pattern T were superior to that of the pattern CK; （4） the pattern T was more beneficial to the formation of both dry matter and quality of sugarcane than the pattern CK; （5） the correlation analysis of ecological factors with dry matter and brix in field showed that the pattern T were less influenced by natural weather than that of the pattern CK. Accordingly, the pattern T was worthy of being popularized in sugarcane region with both vast population and limited farmland as well as intensive cultivation.