滴灌条件下不同施钾量对甘蔗产质量的影响

Effects of K Fertilization on Yield and Quality of Sugarcane under Drip Irrigation

为了评估甘蔗生产上应用滴灌施肥技术的效应,比较了滴灌系统及传统方法施用钾肥对甘蔗产量和品质的影响。以甘蔗品种粤糖00-236为试材,进行了1年(2006～2007)露天盆栽滴灌种植试验。设置了4个通过滴灌系统施用的钾肥(KCl)水平,K1:10g/盆,K2:15g/盆,K3:20g/盆和K4:30g/盆,滴灌各处理施尿素15g/盆,和1个常规施肥方式(肥料施用量为尿素30g/盆和KCl 30g/盆)。试验结果表明,滴灌施肥显著促进了甘蔗的生长,比常规施肥的甘蔗产量获得显著提高,K1、K2、K3和K4处理的每盆蔗茎收获量分别比常规管理的增加了19.2%、38.6%、45.9%和56.4%。滴灌条件下,施钾量不同对甘蔗产质量有显著影响,甘蔗产量随施钾量的增加而增加,但过多施用钾肥对甘蔗品质有负面影响。在甘蔗生产上应用滴灌施肥技术,可以节省钾肥的施用量。而且钾肥用量为常规推荐施用量的一半即可获得较常规施肥高三成以上的产量,通过滴灌系统施用钾肥既有经济效益,又有环境效益。

A pot experiment of planting sugarcane YZ00-236 under the open air was conducted to evaluate the effect of K fertilization under drip irrigation with conventional fertilization on yield and quality of sugarcane in South China Agricultural University from 2006 to 2007. Four potassium treatments as KCl were supplied through drip irrigation at rates of 10, 15, 20 and 30 g/pot; urea 15 g/pot each treatment. K application into soil was 30 g/pot KCl, and urea 30 g/pot in the conventional fertilization treatment. The results indicated that the yield of sugarcane, increased by 19.2%, 38.6%, 45.9% and 56.4% respectively with fertilization under drip irrigation in comparison with the conventional method. The yield of sugarcane increased as increasing K rate, but excessive K rate has a negative effect on sugarcane quality. With half dose of application rate of conventional method through irrigation could receive 30% higher yield of sugarcane than the conventional method. The experimental results predicated that K application rates can be saved under drip irrigation with the optimum rate for sugarcane production.