美国私立高校治理机制研究

A Study of the Governing Mechanism of American Private Colleges and Universities

美国私立教育历史十分悠久,在美国高等教育历史上留下了极其光辉灿烂的足迹。它之所以能获得持久、良好的发展,与其所具有的宽松的外部治理环境和健全的内部治理机制是密不可分的。美国的教育管理权限属于州政府,其高等教育管理具有地方性和多样性。在内部治理结构上,非营利性私立大学一般由董事会、校长、评议会(或教授会)组成;营利性私立大学更接近于企业,特点是把学术领域和管理领域分开。

The private education of USA has a long history and leaves a splendid trace in American higher education. Why it can last so long and well develop lies in that it has a loose external governing environment and an internal governing mechanism. The educational managing power of USA belongs to state government and the higher education management has local character and diversified character. With regard to internal governing structure, the non - profit - making private universities generally consist of board, president and appraising meeting （ or professor meeting） ;while the profit - making ones are close to the enterprise and characterized by separating the scientific field and managing field.