2种远志根结构及其皂苷含量的比较研究

Comparison of Structure and Senegenin Content of Roots in Polygala tenuifolia Willd and P.sibirica L.

运用植物解剖学、组织化学和植物化学方法对细叶远志和卵叶远志根的结构、皂苷的组织化学定位以及远志皂苷元含量进行了比较研究.结果显示:(1)2种远志根的基本结构相同,都是由周皮和次生维管组织组成,韧皮薄壁细胞为次生韧皮部的主要组成细胞.2种根的主要区别是细叶远志根中次生韧皮部比卵叶远志的次生韧皮部所占比例大.(2)组织化学定位结果显示,远志皂苷主要分布在次生韧皮部薄壁细胞内.(3)植物化学分析结果显示,2种远志根内皮部(包括次生韧皮部和周皮)与木质部的皂苷元含量差异极显著(P<0.01),皮部远大于木质部,与组织化学研究结果一致;细叶远志根的直径、皮部厚度、干重以及远志皂苷元的含量都大于卵叶远志,表明其药用品质优于卵叶远志.(4)不同生长年限栽培细叶远志和不同级别野生细叶远志比较表明,二级野生细叶远志的根中远志皂苷元百分含量显著高于其他6个供试材料,但栽培三年生细叶远志根的干重和远志皂苷元总产量最高,且显著高于其野生种和卵叶远志.结果表明:人工栽培的细叶远志可以代替其野生种,故建议人工栽培时选择细叶远志并于栽培三年后采收.

Anatomical,histochemical and phytochemistry methods were used to investigate the structures and localization of saponins as well as the senegenin contents of root in Polygala tenuifolia Willd and P.sibirica L.The result indicated that the roots structure were same on the whole in P.tenuifolia and P.sibirica.The structures included periderm and secondary vascular tissue,and the secondary phloem contained mainly parenchyma.The difference was that the proportion of secondary phloem in P.sibirica was higher than that of P.sibirica.Histochemical localization results showed that saponins mainly distributed in parenchyma of secondary phloem.The HLPC results also showed that the contents of ＂skin area＂ including periderm and phloem were much higher than that of xylem,showing significant difference（P〈0.01）.The diameter,thickness of ＂skin area＂,dry weight as well as senegenin contents of roots in P.tenuifolia were all higher than that of P.sibirica.The crude drug quality of P.tenuifolia was better than that of P.sibirica.The comparison of senegenin contents of different year-old cultivated plant and different-grade wild plant of P.tenuifolia indicated that the quality of wild plant was higher than that of the cultivated plant as a whole.However,the root dry weight and total senegenin contents（senegenin/mg/plant） of triennial cultivated P.tenuifolia had the highest level,which was also higher than that of the wild plant.The result indicated that the cultivated P.tenuifolia could instead of the wild,and the cultivated P.tenuifolia shoud be gathered at third growth year because of the highest total segenenin contents among the three-year-old growth plants.Comparing with Polygala tenuifolia,the total senegenin contents was lower in roots of P.sibirica,so,we should choose Polygala tenuifolia as cultivated material.