拉鲁湿地主要植物群落结构及物种多样性

Species Diversity and Structure of Main Plant Communities in Lalu Wetland

2002年6-9月对拉鲁湿地植物种类、群落结构、生物量以及物种多样性进行了调查研究.结果表明：（1）拉鲁湿地共有植物30科52属85种,主要有芦苇[Phragmites australis（Cav.）Trin.ex Steud.]（A）、尼伯尔酸模（RumexnepalensisSpreng）（B）、水葱（Scirpus validusVahl）（C）、穗状狐尾藻（MyriophyllumspicatumL.）（D）、灯芯草（Juncus effususL.）（E）、针叶苔草（CarexonoeiFranch.et Sav.）和黑褐苔草（CarexatrofuscaSchkuhr）（F）、藏北嵩草（KobresialittledaleiC.B.Clarke）（G）、藏蓟[Cirsiumlanatum（Roxb.ex Willd.）Spreng.]（H）等8个主要植物群落.（2）在8个主要植物群落中,嵩草群落所含物种数最多,为44种,穗状狐尾藻群落最少,仅8种;芦苇群落生物量最高,为124.5-1 027.0 g/m^2,藏蓟群落生物量最低,为124.5-220.5 g/m^2;优势种芦苇的生物量最高,为183.5-660.0 g/m^2,藏蓟生物量最低,为43.1-76.3 g/m^2.（3）各群落的垂直结构特点是：芦苇群落、水葱群落、穗状狐尾藻群落具有挺水层、浮叶层和沉水层,其他群落只具有可分为高、低两层的草本层.（4）在各群落的相似性方面,嵩草群落与藏蓟群落、水葱群落与芦苇群落和尼伯尔酸模群落的相似性要明显高于其他群落,其Jaccard系数分别为0.549 0、0.538 5、0.500 0;芦苇群落、尼伯尔酸模群落、水葱群落、穗状狐尾藻群落与藏蓟群落以及芦苇群落、穗状狐尾藻群落与嵩草群落在建群种上没有相似之处,Jaccard系数为0.

During the period of June-September 2002,the plant species composition,community structure,biomass and diversity of main plant community in Lalu wetland were investigated.The major results are as follows：（1） there were 85 plant species belonging to 52 genera and 30 families in Lalu wetland,all of those could be divided into eight main plant communities,namely Phragmites australis community（A）,Rumex nepalensis Speng community（B）,Scirpus validus Vahl.community（C）,Myriophyllum spicatum community（D）,Juncus effusus L.community（E）,Carex onoei Franch.et Sav.and Carex atrofusca Schkuhr community（F）,Kobresia littledalei C.B.Clarke community（G）,Cirsium lanatum community（H）.（2）In eight main plant communities,the community G had the maximum constructive species which were 51,the community D had the minimum constructive species which were only 7,The community A had the maximum biomass which was 124.5～1 027.0 g/m^2,the community H had the minimum biomass which was 124.5～220.5 g/m^2.In every dominant species,the Phragmites australis had the maximum biomass which was 183.5～660.0 g/m^2,the Cirsium fibeticum kitarn had the minimum biomass which was 43.1～76.3 g/m^2.（3）The vertical structure feature of main plant community was shown that the vertical structure of Phragmites australis community,Scirpus tabernaemontani Gmel.community and community D were composed of emergent layer,floating layer and submerged layer.Others only had herbage layer which can be divided into lower and higher layer.（4）The composition similarities of eight main plant communities were shown that the similarities of constructive species between community G and community H or between community C and community A or between community C and community B were much higher than those of others,their Jaccard coefficient was 0.549 0,0.538 5,0.500 0 respectively.There were no similarities in constructive species between community A,B,C,D and community H or between community A,D and community G,all of their Jaccard coefficient was zero.