斯卑尔脱(T.spelta)小麦和莫迦小麦(T.macha)1BS染色体对K型小麦不育系育性恢复和几个重要性状的影响

Effect of 1BS Chromosome from T.spelta and T.macha on Restoration of Fertility and Several Important Characters in Wheat CMS Lines of Ae.koyschyi Cytoplasm

为了明确斯卑尔脱(T.spelta)小麦和莫迦小麦(T.macha)1BS染色体对K型小麦不育系育性恢复等的影响,利用1B/1R小麦K型不育系K3314A、YS型小麦温敏雄性不育系YS3314和YM型小麦温敏雄性不育系YM3314进行秋播、春播试验,考察3种类型不育系育性对温度的反应,并分别与普通小麦品种(系)90(13)21、L783、温6、陕354和邯6172杂交,测定和比较其F1的恢复性、单倍体发生频率和几个重要农艺性状。结果表明,YS3314和YM3314秋播完全雄性不育,春播则自交结实,K3314秋播、春播皆雄性不育,说明T.spelta和T.macha的1BS染色体导入使K3314A获得温敏特性。YM型小麦温敏雄性不育系比YS型小麦温敏雄性不育系和1B/1R类型不育系更易恢复;YS型小麦温敏雄性不育系其杂交F1产生极少或不产生单倍体,且在单株有效穗数和有效小穗数等性状上具有明显的优势,YM型小麦温敏不育系则在穗粒数上具有明显的优势。

The wheat CMS lines with Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm, 1B/1R type K3314A, YS-type thermo-sensitive male sterile line A3314 and YM-type thermo-sensitive male sterile line YM 3314, were sowed in autumn and spring to study the response of three kinds of wheat CMS lines to temperture, meanwhile crossed them with five common wheats 90 （13） 21, L783, Wen 6, Shan 354 and Han 6172, the fertility, haploid frequency and several main agronomic characters of F1 were measured and compared. According to the results, both A3314 and YM3314 are totally male sterile while sowed in autumn, but the two types are selffertility while sowed in spring, and K3314 is male sterile whether sowed in spring or autumn, these showed that K3314 with the 1BS chromosome from T. spelta or T. macha is sensitive to temperture. It＇s easier for YM-type thermo-sensitive wheat male sterile line to recover fertility than YS-type; the F1 generated by YS -type produced less or no haploid; YS -type wheat showed evident advantage on spikes per plant and spikelets per plant; YM-type wheat showed evident advantage on kernels per spike.