云南青稞(裸大麦)品种亲缘关系的SSR标记研究

Study on Genetic Relationship of Yunnan Naked Barley by SSR Markers

为了有效利用云南青稞（裸大麦）种质，用21对SSR引物研究了57份云南及15份国内外青稞（裸大麦）种质的亲缘关系。结果表明，（1）SSR标记共检测到176个等位基因，平均PIC值0．8491，MI值7．1167，H为0．3786，I值0．5584。说明72个青稞（裸大麦）种质之间具有丰富的遗传多样性。（2）品种间的基因分化系数（Gst）在0．0597～0．4339之间，平均为0．1917，每代迁移数（Nm）为2．1078，多样性顺序为：滇西南地区〉滇中温暖区〉滇西北冬作区〉滇西北春作区〉滇东北地区〉滇南地区〉青藏高原地区〉CIMMYT。（3）72个参试种质之间的遗传距离为0．102～0．866，平均0．4890，8个测验品种与64个参试种质的平均遗传距离表现为：9号〉10号〉12号〉4号〉7号〉6号〉1号〉3号。（4）UPGMA聚类分析将72个参试的种质划分为13个遗传类群6个亚群。第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅶ、Ⅸ、Ⅹ、Ⅻ类群约46．88％的云南种质没有与选定的测验品种聚在一起，67、68、69和71号与8个测验品种之间的遗传距离在0.51以上，这些种质对于开发新的青稞（裸大麦）杂交育种模式具有重要作用。（5）株高、穗粒数、千粒重、冬春性、品种来源等与聚类结果无明显关系。穗棱型被明显分开，二棱青稞（裸大麦）不与六棱聚在一起；约27．50％的四棱与二棱品种聚在一起，62．50％的四棱与六棱品种聚在一起。

The genetic relationships among 57 Yunnan naked barley, 15 introduced naked barley germplasm were studied using 21 pairs of SSR primers selected from GEVES. The results showed that： （1） A total of 176 alleles were detected , and the average polymorphism information content （PIC） was 0. 8491, average marker index （MI） was 7. 1167, Nei＇s gene diversity（h） was 0. 3786, Shannon＇s information index （I） was 0. 5584. Abundant genetic variation were observed in the 72 accessions. （2） The coefficient of gene differ- entiation （Gst） varied from 0. 0597 to 0. 4339, the average was 0. 1917 at the variety level, and Nm=2.1078. The genetic diversity of these eco-groups as follows： South-western area of Yunnan〉Warm area of middle Yunnan〉Winter planting in north-western area of Yunnan〉Spring planting in north-western area of Yunnan〉North-eastern area of Yunnan〉Southern area of Yunnan〉Qinghai-Tibet plateau〉CIMMYT. （3）The genetic distance（GD） among the 72 accessions of naked barleys varied from 0. 102 to 0. 866, average GD was 0. 4890. Generally, the genetic diversity among the 72 accessions was in the order of No. 9 variety〉10〉12〉4〉7〉6〉l〉3. （4） According to the GD, these resources were divided into 13 groups and6 subgroups byUPGMA. The groups of Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅶ、Ⅸ、Ⅹ、Ⅻ with 46.88% accessions were not congregated with 8 test resources, as the same as 67,68 and 69,the GD of No. 71 variety were above 0. 51. and these accessions should be worthwhile to build some new models in naked barley breeding in the future. （5） Phylogenetic analysis of the 72 accessions showed that：plant height, kernels per spike, 1000-kernels weight, spring and fall type and resources origin, those characters had not related to groups from cluster analysis, and all the accessions of 2-rowed and 6-rowed were clustered in their own groups, whereas the 90% of 4-rowed accessions were separated into two groups. There were 27.50% entries with group of 2-rowed and 62.50% with group of 6-rowed. This indicated that 4-rowed was an intermediate form between 2-rowed and 6 rowed.