小麦种质资源宁春4号的研究和利用

Study and Utilization of Wheat Germplasm "Ningchun 4"

小麦品种宁春4号不仅是中国的一个优良春小麦品种,也是一个优异的种质资源。它含有来自美洲、欧洲、亚洲、澳洲优良小麦品种的遗传物质,含有Rht2等基因,具有1、17+18、5+10优质HMW-GS组合,以及Glu-A3b、Glu-B3f优质LMW-GS组合,属于非1BL/1RS易位系小麦品种。与其他宁夏春小麦品种相比,宁春4号在不同生育期功能叶片的叶绿素含量、缓降期内的平均叶绿素含量均最高;光饱和点最小;从孕穗期至开花期旗叶光合速率日平均值、最高值最大。宁春4号与部分小麦近缘属种杂交表现出较高的可杂交性,利用其做亲本与其他小麦杂交已选育出一批优良品种。由于长期坚持对宁春4号小麦品种提纯复壮,使其在生产上28年不衰退。宁春4号是一种兼性类型的小麦品种,现已筛选出冬性宁春4号,品质有较大的改善。

Ningchun 4 was not only one of Chinese excellent spring wheat cultivars, but also one of elite germplasm. It had bloods of a group of good wheat cultivars from America, Europe, Asia and Australia. Moreover, it had Rht2 semi-dwarf and other genes. The testing result suggested that Ningchun 4 had high molecular weight glutenin subunit combinations （HMW-GS） of 1, 17＋18 and 5＋10, as well as low molecular weight glutenin subunit combinations （LMW-GS） of GlwA3b and Glu-B3f. Meanwhile, it was not a 1BL/1RS translocation. Ningchun 4 had the highest Chlorophyll content of functional leaf in different growth stages, as well as highest average Chlorophyll content in its slow reducing period compared with other Ningxia spring wheat cultivars, and its light saturation point was the lowest. Moreover, it had the highest peak value of average photosynthetic rate per day from booting stage to flower stage. Ningchun 4 had higher ability of hybridization with some wild relatives of wheat. A group of new good wheat cultivars has been bred utilizing Ningchun 4 as parents. As insisting purification and rejuvenation for long term, Ningchun 4 has been used in production for 28 years, and production area never declined in Ningxia up to now. The results also showed that Ningchun 4 was facultative wheat, actually. Winter type line has been selected from Ningchun 4 by natural elimination measure. The quality of winter type Ningchun 4 had been improved.