摘要
为了明确气温变化对玉米生长发育和产量的影响,建立玉米低温冷害监测和气象评估模式,在东北地区中部的榆树市进行了玉米分期播种试验。试验采用3个品种,设置早、中、晚3个播种期,进行玉米生长发育进程、叶面积指数、生物量、产量和温度等观测。结果表明:玉米的生长速率与温度密切相关,平均气温每升高1℃,出苗速率提升17%,营养生长速率提升5%;积温每增加100℃.d,玉米最大叶面积指数增加10%,最大生物量和产量增加8%;玉米生长发育期(日平均气温稳定>10℃期间)间平均气温降低0.7℃,或活动积温减少100℃.d,玉米成熟期将延迟7d,发生一般低温冷害,玉米单产减少8%;气温下降1℃,或积温减少140℃.d,生育期延迟10d,发生严重低温冷害,减产10%以上;在水分条件比较适宜的前提条件下,气候变暖对东北地区玉米单产提高是有利的。
Aimed to investigate the effects of air temperature on maize growth and its yield, and to establish a monitoring and evaluation model of maize chilling injury, a ' sowing by stages' field experiment with three maize varieties and conducted in Yushu City of Jilin Province. The three sowing dates ( early, medium, and late) was seedling growth rate, leaf area index (LAI) , biomass, and yield of maize, as well as the air temperature, were observed. The results showed that the growth rate of maize had a close correlation with air temperature. If the mean air temperature raised by 1 ℃, the seedling emergence rate and vegetative growth rate would increase by 17% and 5%, respectively; and if the cumulative temperature increased by 100 ℃ · d, the maximum LAI of maize would increase by about 10%, and the maximum biomass and per unit area yield of maize would increase by about 8%. If the mean air temperature in the growth period of maize ( the period with daily mean temperature 〉 10 ~C ) decreased by 0. 7 ~C, or the active cumulative temperature decreased by 100 ~C ~ d, the maturing stage of maize would be delayed 7 days, a moderate maize chilling injury would occur, and the biomass and yield of maize would decrease by about 8%. If the mean air temperature decreased by 1 ~C, or the cumulative temperature de- creased by 140 ~C ~ d, the growth stage of maize would be delayed 10 days, severe maize chill- ing injury would occur, and maize yield would decrease by 10% or more. Under the prerequisite of suitable soil moisture condition, climate warming would be beneficial to the increase of per unit area maize yield in Northeast China.
出处
《生态学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第2期255-260,共6页
Chinese Journal of Ecology
基金
国家科技支撑资助项目(2006BAD04B02)
关键词
玉米
分期播种
温度影响
生长与产量
maize
sowing by stages
temperature effect
growth and yield.