“以锦喻文”现象与中国文学审美批评

"Comparing Literature to Brocade" and Aesthetic Literary Criticism in China

在中国古代文学批评史上,存在着一种强调"文采美"和"视觉美"的审美批评。它是通过大量运用"以锦喻文"审美批评范式而呈现的,是一种本于中国原初审美观念、触及文学审美本质和具有民族特色的文学审美批评。本文主要对"以锦喻文"现象的历史演变、"以锦喻文"现象的学理基础、"以锦喻文"的文学审美批评意义以及"以锦喻文"审美批评范式的现代传承等问题进行论述。"以锦喻文"是一种文学批评现象,又是一种文学审美批评,还是一种文学审美批评的范式。"以锦喻文"范式最初建立在"比喻"的生成机制之上,后逐渐演变为一种文学批评的现象和范式,代表了人们的文学审美理想。"以锦喻文"范式在中国古代、近代、现代和当代文学批评史上都有广泛的存在,经历了由萌芽、形成、发展到传承的历史演化过程。

An aesthetic literary criticism that stresses the 'color of literature' and 'visual beauty' can be found in ancient literary criticism. It is manifested in the extensive use of a paradigm of aesthetic criticism which compares literature to brocade. This literary criticism is rooted in China’s original aesthetic concepts; it touches upon the essence of literary aesthetics and possesses a distinctive national character. This article expounds on the historical evolution and theoretical foundations of the phenomenon of 'comparing literature to brocade,' its significance for aesthetic literary criticism, and its inheritance in modern times. We see this as a kind of phenomenon of literary criticism and particularly of aesthetic literary criticism, and also as a paradigm of aesthetic literary criticism. Originally based on a metaphor-generating mechanism, it has gradually evolved into a phenomenon and paradigm of literary criticism, reflecting people’s ideal of literary aesthetics. This paradigm was widely adopted in ancient, early modern, modern and contemporary literary criticism and has undergone a process of historical evolution from an embryonic stage through formation and development to continuation in modern times.