嗅黏膜与嗅球神经层胶质细胞修复神经缺损能力的比较

Compared the abilities of repairing nerve defect between glial cells in lamina propria and in olfactory bulb

目的比较嗅黏膜胶质细胞与嗅球神经层胶质细胞修复周围神经缺损的能力。方法体外培养异体嗅黏膜胶质细胞及嗅球神经层胶质细胞2周后纯化浓缩待用。将60只成年Wistar鼠随机分为对照组（A组，n=20）、嗅球神经层胶质细胞组（B组，n=20）及嗅黏膜胶质细胞组（C组，n=20）。左侧坐骨神经切除25mm长轴突，保留神经外膜吻合于近端，将细胞培养液、嗅球神经层胶质细胞、嗅黏膜胶质细胞分别注入A、B、C各组神经外膜腔内。术后3个月，通过大体形态、光学显微镜及透射电镜观察、逆行标记荧光金运输距离、免疫荧光检测胶质纤维酸性蛋白（glialfibre acid protein，GFAP）浓度及神经生长因子（nerve growth factors，NGF）浓度，酶联免疫方法检测髓鞘碱性蛋白（myelin basic protein，MBP）浓度及神经丝蛋白（neurofilament，NF）浓度，伤肢功能评分评估神经缺损的修复效果。结果大体观察、光学显微镜及透射电镜观察，神经缺损再生C组最完全，A组最差；荧光金在神经中的运行距离，C组最长，A组最短；NGF、GFAP、MBP及NF浓度、伤肢功能评分均为C组最高，A组最低。结论嗅黏膜胶质细胞及嗅球神经层胶质细胞均能促进坐骨神经缺损再生，嗅黏膜胶质细胞促进神经再生效果优于嗅球神经层胶质细胞。

Objective To compare their competence to repair peripheral nerve defect between lamina propria glial cells and olfactory bulb glial cells. Methods Glial cells in nasal lamina propria and olfactory bulb had been cultured in vitro for 2 weeks, then purified and condensed for later transplantation. 60 adult wistar rats were randomized into three groups of 20 rats each： A （control）, B （glial cells in olfactory bulb were transplanted into epineuria lumen） and C （glial cells in lamina propria were transplanted into epineuria lumen）. Rats＂ left sciatic nerves were excised 25 mm long axons and retained epineuria lumen anastomosed to proximal ends. Culture mediums, glial cells in olfactory bulb and in lamina propria were transplanted into epineuria lumen of A, B, and C groups respectively. At 3 months postoperative,the regeneration of injured sciatic nerves were evaluated by methods of gross observation, microscopy, transmission electron microseopy, the retrograde fluorescence gold, the immunofluorescencc assay of glial fibre acid protein and nerve growth factors, the enzyme linked immunoassay of myelin basic protein and neurofilament protein, and the extremity function scores. Results The regeneration of injured sciatic nerve and the function of injured limbs were superior in C group to in B group and in A group. The transportation distance of retro-marked fluoreseence red and the concentrations of glial fibre acid protein, nerve growth factors, myelin basic protein and neurofilament protein in injured sciatic nerve were high in C group, middle in B group, and low in A group. The difference between groups had statistical significance. Conclusion Olfactory ensheathing cells could repair injured nerve defect and the competence that the olfactory cells in lamina propria were superior to in olfactory bulb.