谈谈物理学中的类比思维形式

The Mode of Analogy Thinking in Physics

本文从创造学和科学方法论的角度，根据物理学史例，对类比的思维形式提出一些看法．认为类比的思维形式不是必然性的逻辑推理而是具有科学想象的，发明创造性的或然性推理，是从特殊到特殊、一般到一般的、类比对象在同一层次上的推理，并且类比模式也应该是有多样灵活性，这是类比发现、发明功能的客观性所在，是不容忽视的．

From the angles of creativity and scientific methodology,the article states some ideas on the mode of analogy thinking according to some instances in the physics developing history. The author thinks that the mode of analogy thinking does not be the logical reasoning of necessity but the reasoning of probability that has the features of scientific imagination and creativity,and the reasoning that the analogy objects are reasoned from the paticular to the paticular and from the general to the general at the same level.Therefore it could not be neglected that the analogy mode has different forms,and that is the objective law from the discovery and invention of analogy.