中国内地与港澳台刑事证据制度比较论

A Comparison of the Criminal Evidence System among Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and Chinese Mainland

证据制度是指法律规定的关于在诉讼中规范证据资格、证据收集和审查判断,以及司法证明活动的规则体系。证据制度是内地诉讼制度中亟待完善的部分。我国的香港、澳门特别行政区及台湾在法律的继承和发展过程中分别秉承英美法系当事人主义、大陆法系职权主义与混合折衷主义诉讼制度之精华,形成了各具特色且较为完善的刑事证据制度。对两岸四地的若干刑事证据规则和刑事证据证明制度进行比较分析,为内地刑事证据制度的改革与完善提供了重要思路。

Evidence system refers to the system of rules that govern the qualification, collection and judgment of evidence during the criminal procedure. Conducting a comparative study on the legislation situation, the roles and judgment of the criminal evidence among Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and Chinese Mainland, we can find enormous differences among the four regions. These differences offer Mainland a feasible approach on how to prefect the criminal evidence system. On one hand, it is essential to absorb and establish the principle of direct and verbal trial, the rule of exclusion of illegal material, and the rule of witness privilege. On the other hand, it＇s necessary to restrict the ＂free proof ＂mode by establishing several evidence vales, reforming the proof standard and replacing the ＂objective truth＂ with a more reasonable and operational one.