磷肥对日光温室番茄磷营养和产量及土壤酶活性的影响

Effect of phosphorus fertilization on tomato phosporous nutrition,yield and soil enzyme activities

采用盆栽方法进行了不同施磷(P_2O_5)水平下,日光温室番茄产量、不同生育期番茄磷素分配、干质积累、土壤速效磷含量和酶活性研究,并确定了适宜番茄生长的最佳施磷量与土壤速效磷含量。结果表明,随着磷肥施用量的增加,土壤速效磷含量及番茄各组织含磷量相应增加;当施用P_2O_5达到0.53 g/kg(处理5),土壤速效磷含量在60～77 mg/kg时,较适宜番茄生长,番茄产量和单果重达最高,根系和茎叶干物质积累也达到最好水平。当施磷量超过0.53 g/kg时,造成土壤和植株磷累积过高,易引起土壤盐害,降低土壤酶活性,从而降低干物质积累和番茄产量,影响土壤的可持续利用。

Phosphorus（P） is one of the most important macronutrient elements for plant growth. High residual P in greenhouse soils was frequently found because P is relatively insoluble and has a long residence time in the soil. In order to find an optimal level of soil available phosphorus for tomato production, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of phosphorus （P2O5） on tomato yield, phosphorus partitioning in different organs of tomato, dry matter accumulation, soil available P and enzyme activities. The results showed that with the increase of P application rate, the content of available P in soil and P content in all organs of tomato significantly increased. The tomato yield, signal fruit weight and dry matter accumulation reached maximum when P205 were 0.53 g/kg. The optimal content of soil available P was 60-77 mg/kg for tomato production. Excessive P application （ 〉 0.53 g/kg） caused a high accumulated P in soil and plant, resulting in the salt toxicity, low soil enzyme activities, declined dry matter and low tomato yield.