大都市创新与人口发展的国际比较——以纽约、东京、伦敦、上海为案例的研究

The Innovation of Metropolis and Its Population Development:A Comparative Study on New York,Tokyo,London and Shanghai

大都市区不仅是人口经济活动的集聚地,而且也正成为创新的重要区域。纽约、伦敦、东京等国际大都市区的创新经验表明:稳定增长的人口规模、高素质的劳动力队伍和能够提供多种服务的产业结构以及开放的市场和人口环境,是大都市得以成功实现创新和保持创新优势的关键因素。上海城市创新进程中高素质的人力资本相对匮乏,人口增长相对滞后,人口流动性、多样性与开放性不足,放宽人口和产业管制、差别化人力资本投资政策以及重视对高素质人才的公共服务等也许可以为上述问题提供有效的应对。

The metropolitan area is the agglomeration of population and economic activities as well as the major and important area for innovation.From the perspective of innovation and population development,this paper argues that innovation must have the population support,no matter what the innovation diffusion and the innovation process mentioned.At metropolitan regions in New York,London and Tokyo,the factors including the stable increasing population scale,the high-qualified labor resource,the diversified industrial structure and the opening market are all the key powers to keep the metropolitans achieving innovation and remaining its innovation competence.Compared with New York,London and Tokyo,Shanghai has much difference in population development,which can be generalized as the short of the high-qualified human capital,the comparative slowing growth in population,and the possible crisis resulting from the population mobility,diversity and openness.Those are the important problems Shanghai are facing with and the great challenges most international metropolitans need to solve to keep their innovation activities and competence.According to the empirical analysis and studies,the paper proposes some policy suggestions such as the deregulation on population control and industry rule,various investment on human capital and the public service for the high skilled people,and so on.