一个被忽视的命题：大城市公共组织的传统因素--托克维尔和奥斯特罗姆关于美国经验观察的比较

A Proposition Neglected:Traditional Factors Affecting Metropolitan Public Organization——A Compare between Tocqueville and Ostrom

大城市治理作为全球性难题,其公共组织是备受关注的关键之一。一般认为,地方政府组织传统已经难以适应当前发展,故而传统因素被忽略乃至摒弃。"大城市改革运动"在欧美一度盛行,但在美国却屡屡受挫;对此,奥斯特罗姆等重新发现了150多年前托克维尔所观察到的美国地方政府组织传统的重要作用,历经一个半世纪城市化进程的挑战与调整,它不仅生命力至今犹存,更将影响美国大城市的治理方向。放开来看,不少发达国家的相关变革在经历表面价值的纷繁变化之后,也逐步深入到所根植的制度、社会与文化传统之中:大城市公共组织的传统因素是影响未来的重要命题。

As a difficult global issue,metropolitan governance has drawn much attention,so does its public organization.In general idea,traditional factors affecting local governmental organization are neglected or even abandoned,because they are treated as unsuitable element under the current development situation.Metropolitan reform movement often encounters frustration in the USA,although it took popularity in many other Western countries.Ostrom etc,re-discovered the important role of traditional factors in US local government,which Tocqueville found 150 years ago.And the former also noticed that traditional factors still keep their vitality against all the challenges and regulation by urbanization during the last 150 years.And what is more,these factors will affect metropolitan governance development in US.Implying a broader view,we can find that after various superficial values were proved failure,such reforms in many developed countries have gradually turned back to their institutional,social and cultural tradition which they embed.In conclusion,traditional factors affecting metropolitan public organization is a future key proposition in the governance.