苏格拉底、柏拉图与孔子的“亲亲互隐”及家庭伦常观

Socrates,Plato,Confucius's Mutual Concealment of Wrong Doing among Family Members and Their Thoughts of Family Ethics

孔子明确主张"亲亲互隐",但它本身即包含有"亲亲互谏"之义。"亲亲互隐"有一定范围,在公共事务领域,孔子又主张"不隐于亲"。"亲亲互隐"不是不要公义是非。孔子只是不鼓励因私人领域中的问题,亲人间相互告发,而主张以宗教伦理精神,通过感化来协调家庭、社会关系。苏格拉底和柏拉图也非常重视家庭伦常,尤其强调孝敬父母。在柏拉图所构建的新神观念体系中,敬畏神灵即要求孝敬父母,"孝敬父母"是神为人类制定的最为普遍的律法。在此整体思想框架中,苏格拉底非难游叙弗伦"子告父罪"就是题中应有之义。孔子与苏格拉底、柏拉图都重视家庭伦常和孝道,并且在一定程度上都认同"亲亲互隐"的价值观念。

Confucius had the notion of mutual concealment of wrong doing among family members,but concealment itself implies mutual admonition of wrong doing among family members as well.Furthermore,Confucius didn't think that family members should conceal their wrong doing mutually in the public affairs.He didn't encourage family members to accuse mutually in the private sphere,but argued that family and community should be regulated in harmony with the spirit of religious ethics. Socrates and Plato also attached much importance to family ethics and filial piety.In their own notion of holiness,to show piety to gods demands to show filial piety and to respect for one's parents,which is a universal law that gods have established for the human being.In the context of the whole thoughts of Socrates and Plato,it is easy to understand that Socrates criticized and refuted Euthyphro to accuse his father of murder.These three all thought highly of family ethics and filial piety,and in a sense, they all approved the notion of mutual concealment of wrong doing among family members.