情境类型对儿童道德情绪判断及归因的影响

Effects of Situation Type on Children's Moral Emotion Judgment and Attribution

选取259名4-7岁儿童,考察了其在不同道德情境中的道德情绪判断及归因模式的发展状况。结果显示:情境类型对儿童对行为者的道德情绪判断及归因具有重要影响。在不履行亲社会行为和反社会行为失败情境中,存在与反社会及亲社会情境中不同的情绪判断模式。儿童道德情绪判断归因模式的发展是以"结果定向———道德定向"为主线并整合多种定向,不履行亲社会行为情境中出现了责任定向,反社会及反社会行为失败情境中出现了弥补和掩饰定向。

259 children aged four to seven were chosen in the study. Their developmental differences in moral emotion judgement and attribution patterns in different situations were examined. The results showed that the type of situation had a great impact upon children＇s moral emotion judgement of the doer and attribution. In the situations of failure to perform prosocial behavior and anti-soclal behavior failures, moral emotion judgement patterns different from those in the situations of auti-social behavior and prosocial behavior. Children＇s development of attribution patterns of moral emotion judgment was from ＂result-oriented＂ to ＂moral-oriented＂ and integrated several patterns. The pattern of ＂responsible-oriented＂ appeared in the situation of failure to perform prosocial behavio, and ＂remedy-oriented＂ and ＂concealing-oriented＂ patterns appeared in the situations of anti-social behavior and failure to perform antisocial behavior.