工作记忆中央执行功能的老化研究

Aging of the Central Executive Function of Working Memory

采用注意焦点、任务转换、强制刷新三种任务范式分别测量了60岁以上老年人和20岁左右年轻人的注意焦点功能、内容调控功能、任务管理功能,分析三种工作记忆中央执行功能的年龄差异。结果发现:1.注意焦点没有表现出明显的年龄差异;任务转换和强制刷新成绩在青年和老年被试之间差异显著。2.注意焦点成绩与任务转换成绩、强制刷新成绩之间无显著相关,任务转换成绩与强制刷新成绩呈现中度相关。研究结果表明,工作记忆的执行功能是一个包括多种相对独立子成分的系统,不同执行功能老化轨迹不尽相同。

To describe the age-related changes of three main components of executive function, 30 young people and 80 elderly people were measured in terms of focus attention, content control and process supervision. The sesults showed that （1）Age differences were found in the measures of content control and process supervision, but not focus attention. Three components of executive function changed with age in different ways. （2）There was moderate correlation between measures of content control and process supervision, but no significant correlation between focus attention and the other two components. A multiple-component model of executive function was supported.