范畴化与原型理论对“程度副词+名词”结构的解释能力

Interpretive Power of Categorization and Prototype Theory as Regards "Degree Adverbs+Noun" Structure

人类通过语言对世界万物进行分类。当代语言学家用范畴化(categorization)一词来指称人类分类这一认知活动。"原型(prototype)"范畴理论是范畴化理论的最新发展。属于同一词类的词有典型成员和非典型成员之别,典型成员是一类词的原型。"很爷们"之类的"程度副词+名词"结构(副名结构)也有典型和非典型之分。研究首次提出,越是处于边缘的、越是具有内涵意义的非典型名词,越容易进入副名结构。名词从抽象名词-指人名词-指物名词-直到专有名词呈现着接受程度副词修饰时从易到难的规律。而成功创作副名结构时具有操作性的建议是:尽可能使用抽象名词,之后是使用指人名词和指物名词,使用专有名词时要有充足的社会语境和/或语言语境。

Human beings categorize act of human beings as categorization. things by linguistic means. Contemporary linguists name this cognitive ＂Prototype＂ theory is the latest development of categorization theory. Words from the same category can be classified as typical members and non-typical ones. Typical members are prototypes of one category. ＂Degree adverbs ＋noun＂ structure （Adv. ＋ N Structure） like ＂very man＂ can also be classified as typical and non-typical. According to the new findings of this research, the more marginal and the richer a non-typical noun is, the easier for it to enter into the ＂degree adverbs ＋ noun＂ structure. Nouns, ranging from abstract nouns to people-related nouns, from thing-related nouns to proper nouns, manifest a pattern of acceptance with increasing difficulty when being modified by degree adverbs. The workable suggestion of creating successful ＂Adv. ＋ N Structure＂ is to prioritize abstract nouns as much as possible over people-related and thing-related nouns; when it comes to the use of proper nouns, sufficient social or linguistic contexts are needed.