黑水虻幼虫和预蛹的饲料价值研究进展

Research progression on the larvae and prepupae of black soldier fly Hermetia illucens used as animal feedstuff

黑水虻Hermetia illucens L.是一种全世界广泛分布的资源昆虫,幼虫在自然界以动物粪便、腐烂的有机物,如腐肉、腐烂的水果、蔬菜和植物性垃圾为食,能够被用于畜禽粪便的无害化处理。黑水虻幼虫在将粪便转化成昆虫生物量的同时,减少了粪便的污染。利用畜禽粪便饲养的黑水虻幼虫干重达到42%～43%,其中粗蛋白含量占干重的42%～44%,脂肪含量占干重的31%～35%,灰份占干重的11%～15%,钙质占干重的4.8%～5.1%,磷占干重的0.60%～0.63%。使用粪便饲养的幼虫和预蛹,含有丰富的必需氨基酸和矿物质,是家禽、家畜和鱼类养殖的良好饲料来源。文章综述利用不同动物粪便饲养的黑水虻幼虫和预蛹的饲料价值及其幼虫和预蛹用于鸡、猪和鱼类饲料添加剂的研究进展。

Black soldier fly （ Hermtia illucens L. ） is a kind of worldwide spread insect. The larvae have been found in animal manures and decayed organic materials such as carrion, decayed fruit, vegetables and garbage, it was believed to be used for manure management harmlessly. While incorporating and concentrating nutrients from manure into insect biomass, black soldier fly larvae reduce the pollution of manure. The dry larvae or prepupae grown on animal manure was 42% - 43% of its whole weight, which contained 42% - 44% protein, 31% - 35% fat, 11% 15% ash, 4.8% - 5.1% calcium and 0.60% - 0.63% phosphorus, and abounded with essential amino acids and mineral substance. The dry larvae or prepupae has potential feedstuff value. This paper summarized the research about feed value of black soldier fly larvae and prepupae fed on different kind of animal manure and its usage as the feed supplement of poultry, swine and commercial fish production.