动态因果模型的基本原理及其在脑功能磁共振成像中的应用

Basic principles of dynamic causal modeling and its application in functional magnetic resonance imaging

当前对人脑各功能区间的动态功能连接和整合问题的研究日趋深入、广泛。大脑作为一个非线性动态系统,由于多因素间的相互影响,单一的分析方法难以对其复杂的认知过程进行充分解释。以往局限于简单的脑功能定位的研究方法存在其局限性,无法适应当前研究的需要。开展对有效连接的研究有助于深入理解人脑在系统水平上的动态运作方式,是目前乃至今后认知神经科学的重要发展方向。在此背景下,作为评价有效连接的一种新方法,动态系统的数学模型——动态因果模型正被广泛关注,并将在基础研究、临床应用、特别是神经传导通路方面获得广泛应用。

The current research and analysis in the dynamic functional connectivity and integration among brain areas have become more in-depth and widespread. As a nonlinear dynamic systems, because of the mutual impact of multi-factor, it is difficult to fully explain the complex cognitive process of the human brain using a single analysis method. Previous research methods, which were limited to a simple functional location of the brain, showed their limitations, and were not capable to meet current research needs. With the development of the effective connectivity, it has become able to deeply understand the dynamic mode of the human brain operation in the system level, which represents an important direction of the cognitive neuroscience in the current and future. As a new method to evaluating the effective connectivity, the mathematical model of dynamic system dynamic causal modeling has been widely concerned; In the future, dynamic causal modeling will be widely used in basic research and clinical applications, particularly in neural pathway.