长江、黄河入海沉积物中元素组成的对比

Comparison of the Element Compositions Between the Sediments Entered into the Seas From the Changjiang and the Huanghe Rivers

使用X射线荧光分析仪对取自长江大通站(包括部分南京段)和黄河利津站入海沉积物进行了分析,研究了25种元素的含量特征及它们在长江和黄河里的差异,并与前人研究成果作了比较。研究表明,长江、黄河中的沉积物存在较明显差异,黄河沉积物中明显富集Ca,Sr,Si等元素;长江沉积物中明显富集Al,Fe,Ti,Mn,Cu,Zn,Pb,Rb,P,V等元素。这与2条河流流域的地质背景、气候带特征、风化程度以及人为活动影响关系密切。与前人研究结果相比,2类沉积物中重金属元素的含量有明显增加的趋势,但是用Al标准化之后发现只有部分重金属元素含量有所增加。重金属的变化可能与近年来中国工业快速发展及两河流域污染物质的排放增加有关。

The sediments collected at the Datong Station of Changjiang River （including parts of Nanjing section） and the Lijin Station of Huanghe River were analyzed by means of X ray fluorescence analyzer. The characteristics of the contents of 25 elements in the sediments and their differences between the Changjiang River and the Huanghe River were discussed and also compared with the results of previous studies. It has been shown that there are distinct differences in element contents between the sediments from the Changjiang River and the Huanghe River. The sediments from the Huanghe River are rich in Ca, Sr and Si, whereas those from the Changjiang River are rich in Al, Fe, Ti, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Rb, P and V. These differences are considered to be closely related to the geological background, climatic nature, weathering level and human activities in the streaming areas of the two rivers. Comparing with the results of previous studies, the heavy metal contents in the sediments from the two rivers tend to increase obvious ly, but after standardized with AI only several heavy metals are found to increase in their contents. Such a change in heavy metal contents may possibly be related both to the rapid development of industry and to the increasing in pollutant discharge in the streaming areas of the two rivers.