爱因斯坦光速不变假设的判决性实验检验

The Crucial Experiment for Checking Einstein's Postulate of the Constancy of the Speed of Light

爱因斯坦光速不变假设的判决性实验检验是在中国科学院国家授时中心的高精度TWSTT(双向卫星时间传递)设施上完成的。实验检验的原理是基于狭义相对性原理和单程光(电磁)信号同时性定义。检验原理通过对比单程光信号同时性定义和双程光信号同时性定义的测量机制证明:在有相对运动的情况下双程光信号中的"往"和"返"两个单程信号通过的时间是必然不相等的。在本文报告的检验实验中西安临潼观测站和乌鲁木齐观测站的铯原子钟分别通过鑫诺卫星和中卫一号卫星进行双向时间传递。观测数据证明卫星和地面站之间存在1m/s量级的相对速度会造成西安临潼站和乌鲁木齐站之间"往"和"返"两个单程信号通过的时间差在1.5ns量级。观测结果的不确定度在±0.01ns量级。爱因斯坦1905年以定义方式引进的等式,tB-tA=t′A-tB,在有相对运动情况下不成立。

The crucial experiment for checking Einstein＇ s postulate of the constancy of the speed of light was performed at the high precision TwsTr（Two Way Satellite Time Transfer） facility of the National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The principle of the crucial experiment was based on the principle of special relativity and the definition of simultaneity by means of one way light signal. By comparison the measurement mechanisms of one way light signal simultaneity and“to-and-fro”two way light signal simultaneity, the principle of the crucial experiment has proved： if there exists relative motion, the “uplink” and “downlink” light signal passage times of the “to-and-fro” two way light signal are not equal. The cesium atomic clocks at Xian station and Urumuqi station transferred and exchanged pps time signals via Sino satellite and China Sat- 1 satellite. The observa- tion uncertainty is the order of 0.01 ns. The observed data have proved the equality tB - tA = t′A -- tB , which was introduced by definition in Einstein＇ s 1905 paper, is not valid in case if there exists relative motion between A and B.