哲学视域中的权利问题

Towards the Issue of Human Rights From Philosophical Perspective

从本原的层面看,人的基本权利与人自身的潜能相联系,这种潜能是人作为人所具有的。人是目的,而不是手段或工具;肯定这一点,同时意味着承认人的内在价值。作为具有内在价值的存在,人同时也拥有实现、发展自身潜能的权利。人在经济、政治、教育、文化等领域中的权利,本身并不是目的,在实质的层面,这种权利同时表现为人实现自身潜能的条件。从以上方面看,实现自身潜能,显然并不是一种抽象的理想,而是人的基本权利的现实内容。如何使人的基本权利真正得到实现?从哲学的维度看,这里无疑应当对"自由个性"予以特别关注。在超越人的依赖性的同时,自由个性同时要求扬弃物的依赖性;两者在确认人的内在价值的同时,也为人实现人作为人的基本权利提供了前提。

Seen from the fundamental level, the human rights are connected with human potentiality with which human beings are endowed. Man is an end instead of a means or tool, which implies acknowledgement of man ＇ s internal value. As a being with internal value, each person has the right to realize and develop his own potentiality. All his other rights in politics, economy, education, culture, etc. are not ends in themselves ; they are substantially manifested as necessary conditions under which man realizes and develops his own potentiality. How to realize man＇ s fundamental rights mentioned above？ From the dimension of philosophy, here there is no doubt that we must pay exceptional attention to ＂free individuality＂.