改进的QDF与设计FMEA集成框架研究

Improved QFD and Integrated Framework of FMEA

面对客户多变性及个性化的需求,以顾客为导向的产品设计与同步工程概念受到充分的重视。质量功能展开(QFD)以顾客需求为出发点,通过二元矩阵将产品功能逐一展开,以反映顾客需求。但QFD不能有效地发现产品在生产制造过程中或在产品推出后所隐藏的质量问题。为了克服QFD技术的缺陷,在将模糊TOPSIS方法运用于失效模式与效果分析(FMEA)风险值排序的基础上,提出一个QFD与FMEA整合的框架,将FMEA分析中的风险排序指标CCi配合管理条件的P值与K值,求出一个由FMEA反馈到QFD的权重指数F,以反映其功能上的缺陷。最后,以汽车制动系统的产品开发为例,说明该整合模式的可行性,以期实现QFD与FMEA集成同步产品开发模式。

Great attentions are being paid to the concepts of CE and market-oriented product design, because of individualization and variably need of customers. Based on customer＇s needs, the functions of a product were deployed by QFD through a matrix to represent customer＇s needs. The cryptic quality flaws are not found by QFD during the coursed of manufacturing or after the product is commercialized. A framework of QFD and FMEA integration is put forward based on the FMEA risk ordering by TOPSIS（a weight index F）, by which the information of FMEA can be feed back from FMEA to QFD is given so that the functional flaws can be reflected in QFD by combination of the CC^i,P-value and k-value. An example of development of brake system is also given to illustrate the feasibility of integration of QFD and FMEA aiming at the synchronous product development.