视觉中文词汇识别的整体优先效应和词内核证原则:来自ERPs的证据

Global Precedence Effect and Verification Principle within Word in Visual Chinese Word Recognition:Evidence from ERPs

目的:以视觉的汉语真假双字词为材料,用词汇判断任务考察词汇加工过程与表征的关系。方法:记录了16名被试者的行为数据和ERPs数据。结果:①真词的反应时间显著短于假词。②真词和假词均诱发了明显的N1、P2、N2、P3、N400、P600成分。③假词的N2波幅显著大于真词;假词的P3波幅、潜伏期显著小于真词。④假词的N400波幅显著小于真词,假词减真词的差异波波幅表现出显著的半球效应,左半球大于右半球。⑤假词的P600潜伏期显著长于真词。结论:N2、P3成分分别反映了词汇认知加工早期对心理表征的匹配和评价、注意的分配;N400、P600成分分别反映了词汇认知加工晚期词素之间的语义冲突和词素之间语义、句法等关系的整合。研究结果证明了中文双字词识别的整体优先效应和词内核证原则,支持了词汇后加工的观点,为假词反应时长于真词提供了电生理证据。

Objective： Representation and processing of Chinese word is an important topic of cognitive psychology. Augment Addressed Morphology Model argues that either morphemes or the whole word can possibly be the unit of representation and access, and they are interacted at the same level. The Multi-level Cluster Representation Model considers that morphemes level prior to the whole word access. However, previous researches had not examined at which stage they worked. Using behavioral experiments, some findings indicated that there were some characters correspond with the different stages in word recognition. The present article aimed at testing the global precedence effect and verification principle in visual Chinese word processing through event-related potentials technique. Methods： Sixteen （9 male and 7 female; mean age： 21.9） undergraduate students were paid for participation. All participants were right-handed, and had normal or corrected to normal vision, no neurological or psychological problems, and all were naive to electrophysiological studies and linguistics. A visual Chinese lexical decision task was conducted after participants having signed the informed consents. A Chinese word which consisted of two characters was presented in each trial. Participants were required to press a specified key if the word was a two character real word, and another key if it was a two character pseudo-word. The reaction time, error rate, and brain electrical activity were recorded simultaneously by computers and 64 scalp sites, respectively. Results： Behavioral data showed that subjects＇ reaction time to real words was significantly shorter than that to pseudo-words. The ERP data indicated the following： ① both real words and pseudo-words elicited obvious N1, P2, N2, P3, N400, P600 components; ② the pseudo-words elicited significantly larger N2 and significantly smaller P3 amplitude than real words, and the P3 latency to real words was significantly longer than pseudo-words; ③ N400 amplitude was strikingly smaller than real words, and difference wave （pseudo-words subtracted real words） of N400 indicated a larger negative component in left hemisphere than in right hemisphere; ④P600 latency was significantly longer than real words. Conclusion： These results have the following implications：①there may be a global precedence effect occur at the early stage of word cognition. N2 reflects the whole word representation access in lexicon. P3 reflects the evaluation and the attention distribution to the stimulus; ② there is a verification principle within word at the late stage of word cognition. N400 reflects the semantic confliction between two morphemes, and P600 may reflect the verification process of the semantic and the syntactic relation between two morphemes; ③ N400 and P600 together support the view of post-lexical process; ④ the reaction time to pseudo-words is significantly longer than that to real words, which should be attributed to the verification process that pseudo-words was longer than real words.