多功能的钙/钙调素依赖的蛋白激酶Ⅱ介导的细胞信号传导

Cellular Signaling through Multifunction Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase Ⅱ

钙调素(Calmodulin,CaM)是一个特别的对钙敏感的蛋白,在钙信号传导通路中扮演重要角色。钙/钙调素依赖性蛋白激酶(Calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinases(CaMKs))与荷尔蒙、神经递质及其他信号引起的细胞反应相关。作为重要的第二信使,钙/钙调素依赖的蛋白激酶I(ICaM-KⅡ)是一类在细胞中无所不在的表达的蛋白激酶,能维持细胞内的钙浓度在很低的水平,再增加后续的特定的钙激动刺激。钙/钙调素依赖的蛋白激酶Ⅱ独特的全酶结构和自我调节的性质使其对短暂的钙信号和胞内钙的变化能做出延长反应。本文从结构、合成、细胞分布、反应底物、生理功能等方面介绍了钙/钙调素依赖的蛋白激酶Ⅱ的激活对细胞信号传导的作用。

Calmodulin（CaM） is a ubiquitous Ca^2＋ -binding protein that plays an important role in the Ca^2＋-signaling pathways. The calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinases （CaMKs） arc involved in a large number of cellular responses induced by hormones, neurotrans- mitters and other signals. As a major second messenger, Ca^2＋/CaM-dependent protein kinase II （CaMKII） can maintain the intracellular concentration of calcium at extremely low levels and subsequently increase following specific calcium-mobilizing stimuli. It is a ubiqui- tously expressed protein kinase that transduces elevated Ca^2＋ signals in cells to a number of target proteins ranging from ion channels to transcriptional activators. Its holoenzyme structure and autoinhibitory domain enable it to delay the transient Ca^2＋ signal to cell responses. In this review, we introduced the contribution of activated CaMKII to cell signaling through its structure, synthesis, cellular location, neuronal substrates and physiological functions.