农业废弃物静态高温堆肥过程中纤维素酶活性的变化

Cellulase activities of agricultural waste materials during static composting at high temperature

在静态通气条件下,以养殖场鸡粪、猪粪、牛粪为材料,小麦秸秆作为调节物质,研究了堆肥过程中纤维素酶活性变化特性及其与堆肥温度的关系,旨在为农业废弃物资源化利用提供科学依据.结果表明:添加微生物菌剂后堆体升温迅速,堆肥1～2d后进入高温期,且高温腐解持续16～20d;对照处理在堆肥4～5d后进入高温期,持续时间仅为7～8d;整个堆肥过程中加菌剂处理的堆体温度高于对照.加菌剂处理在堆肥10～12d时纤维素酶活性达最高,依次为牛粪(0.642mg·g-1·d-1) >鸡粪(0.457mg·g-1·d-1)>猪粪(0.380mg·g-1·d-1);对照处理推迟2d达纤维素酶活性高峰,且酶活性高峰值低于同等物料的加菌剂处理,依次为牛粪(0.491mg·g-1·d-1) >猪粪(0.335 mg·g-1·d-1) >鸡粪(0.258mg·g-1·d-1),整个堆肥过程中加菌剂处理平均纤维素酶活性较对照提高了33.17%(牛粪)、20.17%(鸡粪)和12.4%(猪粪).堆肥初期堆肥温度过高不利于微生物的活动,纤维素酶活性在堆肥开始的3 ～4d低于初始水平,而后迅速上升.当堆肥温度等于或者低于60℃后,纤维素酶活性与有机物料温度变化间有显著正效应,对照处理两者间为线性关系,加菌剂处理两者间呈显著指数递增关系.

Cellulase activities in static animal excrement composting with added microbial agents were studied at high temperature. The animal excrement included cow manure, chicken manure and pig manure. Wheat straw was used to adjust the compost bulk. The compost temperature increased rapidly and entered the high temperature eomposting period after only 1 - 2 d, and the high temperature composting period （ 〉 50℃ ） lasted for 16 - 20 d for all treatments with added microorganisms. In contrast, high temperature composting appeared at day 4- 5 of composting and lasted for only 7 - 8 d in without added microbes （CK treatment）. The composting temperature was higher in the treatment with microorganism agent than without. The peak cellulase activities in the treatment with added microorganisms were 0. 457 mg·g^-1· d^-1 , 0. 380 mg·g^-1· d^-1 and 0. 642 mg·g^-1· d^-1 for chicken manure, pig manure and cow manure, respectively, while the respective activities in CK treatment were only 0. 258 mg·g^-1· d^-1 , 0. 335 mg·g^-1· d^-1 and 0. 491 mg·g^-1· d^-1 . The patterns of cellulase activities were similar during the composting process for both treatments; nevertheless, the peak values of the cellulase activities were higher and occurred 2 days earlier with added microorganism agent than in the control. During the experimental composting period, average cellulase activities were in the order cow manure 〉 chicken manure 〉 pig nkanure for both treatments, but 33.17% （cow manure）, 20. 17% （chicken manure） and 12.4% （pig manure） greater with added microbes than with CK treatment. When the composting temperature was above 60℃, the microbial activities was affected and so was the cellulase activities though there was no obvious relationship between them. However, when composting temperature was less than or equal to 60℃ , there was a significant correlation between composting temperature and cellulase activities. A linear rise was seen for CK, and an exponential increase for the treatment with added microorganisms.