天然免疫—肿瘤免疫治疗不容忽视的领域

Innate immunity-An important field in tumor immunotherapy

天然免疫是机体抵御病原微生物入侵的第一道防线,因其即时性且缺乏记忆性,在抗感染免疫中被广泛研究,而在肿瘤免疫治疗中研究较少。随着对巨噬细胞和NK细胞的深入研究,天然免疫细胞的抗肿瘤作用也得到一定认可,但因效应细胞在体内的活性、数量、杀伤效率及抗瘤谱有限,使其临床应用受限。然而近年发现一种具有天然抵御肿瘤能力的小鼠,发挥抗肿瘤作用的效应细胞是以中性粒细胞、单核/巨噬细胞和NK细胞为主的天然免疫细胞,且该种能力不仅能遗传还能移植,这为肿瘤的免疫治疗带来新的希望。本文将综述上述3种天然免疫中主要的效应细胞在抗肿瘤治疗中的研究进展。

Innate immunity is the first protective line on resisting the pathogenic microorganism. It has been studied widely in anti - infective field instead of anti - cancer field due to its instantaneous character and lack of memory, which is different from acquired immunity. With the researches of macrophages and natural kill cells（NK） development,the anti - cancer effect of innate immune competent ceils are approval. But their clinical applications are too limited due to the lack of activity,number and kill efficiency of these active cells. However, a kind of complete resistance mice with abilities of resisting very high doses of cancer cells was found in recent years. These anti - cancer active cells were all innate immune cells,including polymorphonuclear leukocytes, macrophages and NK cells. In addition,these abilities not only can inherit but also be transferred, which bring a new hope to tumor immunotherapy. The anti - cancer therapy developments of these above three cells are reviewed as follow.