双峰驼尘肺研究

Study on Pneumoconiosis in Bactrian Camels

用光镜、电镜、电子探针微分析仪及原子发射光谱仪（ＩＣＰ）等，对内蒙古阿拉善右旗和甘肃民勤县的共４８例双峰驼的肺脏、支气管淋巴结及纵隔淋巴结进行了研究。结果表明，４８例的支气管淋巴结和纵隔淋巴结均有程度不等的尘沉着变化，其中１３例肺脏有程度不等的尘肺病变。肺脏的尘肺病变主要为局灶型，尘灶与尘细胞结节呈星散状分布，多位于细支管周围、肺泡隔和肺胸膜结缔组织。病变部常有程度不等的慢性炎症，少数病例发生灶性纤维化。电镜观察发现，淋巴结中，尘细胞的线粒体空泡化，内质网扩张，尘粒积聚体处细胞器完全破坏。元素分析表明，肺和淋巴结中的粉尘多为铝硅酸盐类化合物。作者认为，双峰驼铝硅酸盐尘肺的发生同该地区大气环境浮尘含量过高有关。但骆驼尘肺的病变比马的轻，这主要与骆驼呼吸道和肺脏有较完善的除尘机构有关。

The lungs and both bronchial and diaghragmatic lymph nodes of 48 Bactrian camels from Alashanyouqi county of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Mingqing County of Gansu province were studied using the light microscope, electron microscope as well as electronic probe microanalysis technique, and the mineralogical analysis of the lungs were also carried out. Pneumoconiosis lesions were revealed in the lungs of 13 camels. In 35 cases, the dust induced lesions were found in both bronchial lymph nodes and diaphragmatic lymph nodes. The pulmonary lesions were characterized by multi foci of interstitial pneumonia with dust laden macrophage nodules. In the dust cells of lymph nodes, the vacuolar mitochondria with swollen endoplasmic reticula were seen and the cytoplasmic organelles completely destroyed by cumulated dust particles. Dust particles in the affected tissues were mainly composed of aluminium silicate, the major substances of the sand dusts. Much more aluminium silicate compounds were found in the affected tissues. It might come to the conclusion that the camels exposed to sand dust particles for a long time would suffer from aluminium silicate pneumoconiosis. The pneumoconiosis found in the camels appears not so serious as that in horses because of the more perfect cleaning mechanism of the dust.