日本、韩国在华研发投资的比较分析

Comparative analysis of R&D investment by Japan and Korea in China

日、韩在华研发投资动机、区位选择与在华直接投资具有较强的关联性。日本在华研发投资动机由早期的生产支撑型向复合型(资源寻求+战略驱动+技术换市场型)过渡。韩国企业在华研发投资动机则偏重市场导向型+政策引致型。日本企业重视和中国高校合作的研发模式;韩国企业则与我国本土企业联合研发形式较多。在空间分布上两国充分发挥自身的地缘优势,高度聚集在以上海为中心的长三角地区和以北京为中心的环渤海地区。韩国在华研发机构呈点状布局、尚处于初级阶段,日本在华研发投资已经形成较大规模,研发机构分布于中国主要大中城市。此外,与制造业直接投资不同,两国在华研发投资并没有出现向中西部转移的趋势。

R＆D investment motives and location selection by Japan and Korea in China have a strong correlation with their direct investment in China.Early Japanese R＆D investment motives were production-based.They have subsequently moved on to resource-seeking,strategy-driven and techniques for market motives and so on.By comparison,Korean firms are mainly motivated by market-orientation and policy making.Japanese firms prefer R＆D cooperation with universities,while Korean firms are more inclined towards joint R＆D with local firms in China.Spatially,the R＆D institutions of Japan and Korea in China are concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta and the Bohai Sea rim with the core cities of Shanghai and Beijing,respectively.Korean R＆D investment is still in its infancy,located at particular points,whereas Japanese R＆D investment is large scale and widely distributed among major large and medium-sized cities of China.In addition,different from the trend of direct investment in manufacturing,neither Japan nor Korea R＆D investment shows an R＆D investment trend towards central-western China.