旅游者环境意识的调查与分析

An investigation and analysis of tourists′ environmental consciousness

根据环境意识结构设计了旅游者环境意识调查问卷,主要指标体系包括旅游环境知识水平、旅游环境态度、旅游环境评价和旅游环境行为4个方面。基于权重和赋分,构建了指标体系各部分评价模型和环境意识总体评价模型,以此来计算旅游者环境意识水平的综合得分。通过对内蒙古呼包鄂区域旅游者环境意识水平的调查分析得知,旅游者环境意识模式是"环境态度制约型"模式,从总体来看,环境知识不是制约旅游者环境意识水平的关键问题,环境评价也不是主导因素,而态度才是至为重要的因素,它决定了旅游者的环境行为倾向。

According to the structure of environmental consciousness,we formulate a questionnaire on tourists＇ environmental consciousness in this study.The main quota systems in the questionnaire include four aspects： intellectual level of tourism environment,attitude towards tourism environment,evaluation on tourism environment and behavior of tourism environment.In view of weighting and bestowing score,we also construct evaluation model of each part in quota systems and overall evaluation model on environmental consciousness to calculate comprehensive score of tourists＇ level of environmental consciousness. Taking Hohhot region,Baotou region and Erdos area as case studies,we make an investigation on tourists＇ level of environmental consciousness.And we learn that the pattern of tourists＇ environmental consciousness is the one restricted by attitude towards environment through counting up and analyzing 480 questionnaires.The study indicates：（1） knowledge about environment is not the key problem which restricts tourists＇ level of environmental consciousness.Besides,evaluation on environment is not a dominant factor.But attitude towards environment is most important factor and resolves inclination of tourists＇ environmental behavior.Therefore changing consumers＇ attitude and training the tourists who are responsible for ecological environment is most critical to change tourists＇ environmental consciousness.（2） Tourists only know some basic and plain knowledge and viewpoint on environment.But they understand little complicated and abstract knowledge on environment.Especially,it is insufficient that the accuracy of tourists grasping knowledge on environment and degree of gradation increased progressively.（3） In the course of tour,tourists can hardly protect eco-environment conscientiously.And they could not supervise other tourists to maintain the eco-environment.Most tourists mainly think of how to minimize economic cost in the course of tour.They are not ready to serve for environmental protection of prairie tourism.So we can learn that if we can not carry out the guidance towards environmental consciousness properly and the appropriate management to tourist,it is unavoidable that assault on eco-environment.Consequently,we must strengthen that the staff of tour enterprises,including tourist guides,lead to positive consciousness of environmental protection for tourists.