对“牛吃麦”案例的另一维度的解释--英、美土地制度和财产制度的变迁

Evolution of Land and Property Systems in U.K. and U.S.

科斯定理是从经济效益的角度来分配权利的,它的"拍卖式"法律价值取向贯穿于美国土地制度与财产制度的发展历程。在与科斯定理相关的"牛吃麦"案例上,美国初始选择了"圈出"规则,后又转向"圈入"规则,其规则的变动始终遵循着"经济效益最大化"原则;而英国自始至终选择了"圈入"规则,早期是为了维护公共财产利益,之后是为了维护私有财产利益,在这过程中,"权利保护原则"是其不变的宗旨。科斯定理纯粹从经济效益的角度来解释有着相同法治渊源与传统的英、美两国在"牛吃麦"案例上所适用规则的差异性,欠缺历史维度的法律分析。

The Coase Theorem distributes rights according to the criterion of economic efficiency. This ＂auction style＂legal value orientation has underlain the evolution of land and property syste principle ms of in the U. S. maxlmlzatlo then the ＂fence in＂ rule. In ＂cattle eating wheat＂cases, the US court, while always following the n of economic efficiency＂, had applied first the ＂fence out＂ rule and The United Kingdom, on the other hand, has always applied the ＂fence in＂ rule with the rights protection as its eternal aim. The Coase Theorem explains the differences between the US and the UK in the application of rules in ＂cattle eating wheat＂ cases purely from the perspective of economic efficiency. Such explanation is weak and lacks historical dimension at the level of legal system.