工程共同体的结构及维系机制

The Structure and Sustainable Mechanism of Engineering Community

不同于具有同质结构的科学共同体和技术共同体,工程活动共同体则为异质共同体,是一个包含了众多成员要素子系统的主体系统,与此相适应也就有了多种类型的职业共同体。工程活动共同体由工程师、工人、投资者、管理者和受众等利益相关者构成,而且各构成要素在角色上有时会出现复合与转换情况,表现出异质性、层级性、秩序性、利益主体多元性、紧密性、整体性、流动性等结构特性。同时,工程活动共同体有自己的维系机制,即需要与利益的满足、共同体内外的认同,以及体现为合目的的普遍主义、合规律的建构主义、讲时效的协同主义、有条件的特殊主义、要权威的整体主义、重实用的唯美主义、依循互利互惠的利己利他主义、追求最大化社会实现的功利主义、有风险的博弈主义等工程活动中所共同遵循的原则和规范。

Engineering community is different from scientific community and technological community with single homogeneous structure, and it is a heterogeneous community with multiplex structure,and it is subjective system with many factors and members as well as forming relative various communities of profession. Community of engineering activity is composed by engineers, workers, investors, managers and others with benefit, moreover, the overlap and shift of the roles between various factors often are happened in the community so that its structure possesses some characters of heterogeneousness, levelness, order, multiplex subjects of behalf, compactness, wholeness and fluidity, etc. Community of engineering activity possesses its own sustainable mechanism.