学术制度、国家政策和语言的力量

Academia System,State Policy and the Power of Language

无论中国的传统学术还是西方的大学制度,因"修道"之旨而生"教化"之需的轨迹是颇为相似的。正如中国的"小学"是为"大学"的读经作准备,欧洲中世纪大学的"人文学科"也是要帮助凡人理解神圣的文本。在西方,进一步使语言成为民族国家的根本标志,并通过强势族群与强势语言的共生互动,为后世的殖民扩张提供了基本"原型"。中国早期教会大学对于语言的选用,当代西方国家的相关语言政策,也都可以成为语言标准之统治性力量的生动例证。其中学术制度、国家政策和语言自身所构成的张力及其历史经验,特别值得我们深思。

It is almost the same for traditional Chinese academia and Western universities to meet the needs of morality with education. In ancient China, the elementary education was the preparation of reading classics at the senior level, as well as the ＂liberal arts＂, in the Medieval European universities, aimed at helping the profane to understand the Sacred Book. Furthermore, this makes the language the basic sign of nation states, and the interaction and co-production of the strong nations and the strong languages provide an archetype for the modern colonialism. The language policies of the Western states and the teaching language chosen by the Christian missionary universities in China may be served as the solid examples of the power of language. So the tension and its trace among the existed academia system, the state policies and the languages themselves leave the space for the argument of the paper.