内核—外围:传统乡土社会关系结构的变动——以鄂东乡村艾滋病人社会关系重构为例

Core and Periphery:A case study of the restructuring of rural AIDS patients' social relationships in east part of Hubei province

乡村社会的结构性巨变,必然带来乡村社会关系的结构性质变,因此研究乡村社会关系结构的变迁具有重要的理论与现实意义。鉴于当前乡村社会关系功利化、理性化的共识,本文以面对生命安全这一人类的利益底线作为试金石,考察乡村农民与乡村艾滋病人之间的关系取舍行动。通过对乡村艾滋病人原社会关系系统的断裂、旧关系修复与新关系重建过程的分析,我们发现乡村社会个体的社会关系系统已经呈现出明显的内核与外围两极分化的结构,乡村社会关系的外围已高度利益化,而与之对应的是内核部分的高度情感化。乡村社会关系结构日益简单,传统的社会支持网络向家庭内核萎缩,使乡村生活的风险加大。因此,在乡村家庭作为基点的社会支持系统之上,建立以经济利益导向为基础、现代"抽象体系"为媒介的社会组织体系与社会关系系统,来变革乡村社会组织形式,并在制度设计的过程中,以现代的利益关系纽带取代对传统伦理、情感关系纽带和传统社会支持网络的依赖,以适应乡村市场化社会发展的未来。

Taking the event of AIDS as a touchstone, the author aims to inspect the changes of social relationships between the local peasants and the rural AIDS patients when facing the AIDS. Through the analysis of the rupturing, restoring, creating of the relationships, the author concludes that the rural social relationship system has differentiated into a core-periphery structure. The periphery of the social relationship is highly interest-orientated, meanwhile the counterpart of the core is highly emotion-orientated. With the structural simplifying process of rural social relationships, the traditional social support network becomes weaker, which aggravates the risks of the rural life. To adapt to the market-oriented society in the future, a new organized social relationship system based on the interest-orientated needs to be built up to replace the traditional social support network.