利益受损农民工的利益抗争行为研究——基于珠三角企业的调查

On Migrant Workers' Conflict Behaviors against Benefit Damages:A survey of enterprises at Pearl River delta

近年来,农民工为争取自己合法利益的抗争行为不断增长,他们或者采取体制内投诉的方式,或者采取体制外集体行动的方式,但也有相当一些农民工保持沉默。本文试图探讨是什么因素影响农民工在利益抗争方式上的选择。从整体上讲,农民工的相对剥夺感、对劳动法的认知水平、社会网络规模和企业集体宿舍制度对其利益抗争行为有影响。但是在投诉和集体行动的方式选择上,影响因素表现出差别,教育和网络对投诉有更显著的影响,企业集体宿舍制度对集体行动有更显著影响,但企业所有制对减少农民工在企业外部展开利益抗争,或者在引导农民工用体制内方式解决利益纠纷问题上没有显著性影响。加快劳工组织建设,降低利益诉求成本,推进劳资关系的制度化,是提高农民工利益博弈能力、增加利益抗争的理性化程度、将利益抗争行为纳入制度表达内的前提。

In recent years, migrant workers' conflict behaviors for benefit defending have increased. Some migrant workers took measures of in-system complaints or out-system collective behaviors, whereas some of them keep silence. This article probes into factors in migrant workers' choosing measures of conflict behaviors against benefit damages. Generally speaking, sense of relative deprivation, cognitive level of the Labor Law, scale of social network, and collective dormitory affect conflict behaviors. But in choosing complaints or collective behaviors, education and network had clearer effects over the choice of complaint; collective dormitory brought more collective behaviors. Ownership of enterprise did not have an evident effect either on reducing outside enterprise conflict actions, or inducing in-system resolves. To improve labor organization, to reduce complaint cost, to augment the level of ration in benefit conflict, and to institutionalize employer-employee relation are preconditions of developing migrant workers' ability of striving for their benefits, rationalizing benefit conflict behavior and including it into systemic expressions.