山旱区新修梯田土壤培肥途径及其效益研究

Effects and Ways of Soil Fertility Improvement for New Terrace Field in Mountain Areas of Qinghai Province

根据青海省山旱区新修梯田理化特性，选择作物种类和施肥水平为因素，采用裂区设计组分出９种培肥方式。通过产量分析、土壤养分亏盈状况和经济效益评价，筛选出适宜山旱地新修梯田的培肥途径，新修梯田应采用油菜复种绿肥——春小麦为轮作方式，施肥水平以纯氮９０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２～１２０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，纯Ｐ２Ｏ５７５ｋｇ／ｈｍ２～９０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，优质农家肥３０ｍ３／ｈｍ２～４５ｍ３／ｈｍ２。

The kinds of crops and amount of fertilizers were selected as factors to improve the soil fertility for new terrace fields, according to chemical and physical characteristics of soil at mountain areas in Qinghai Province. The ways to improving soil fertility of new terrace were obtained by yield analyses, increase and decrease of soil nutrients, evaluation of economic profits on different ways. The best ways to improve soil fertility for new terracewereas follows: rotation formation with rape seed and sequential green manure in the first year and spring wheat in the second year, fertilizers with N 90 kg/hm 2～120 kg/hm 2 , P 2 O 5 75 kg/hm 2～90 kg/hm 2 high quality organic fertilizer 30 m 3～45 m 3 .