杏(Prunus armeniaca L.)的茎尖培养研究

Micropropagation of Shoot Apices in Vitro of Apricots ( Prunus armeniaca L.)

９个杏品种的茎尖培养结果表明，初代培养基用ＭＳ＋０．２ｍｇ／ｌＫＴ＋０．２５ｍｇ／ｌ２，４－Ｄ＋０．２５ｍｇ／ｌＮＡＡ＋３％蔗糖；增殖培养基为ＭＳ＋１．５ｍｇ／ｌＢＡ＋０．１ｍｇ／ｌＩＡＡ＋２．５％山梨醇；加长生长培养基为ＭＳ（１２Ｎ）＋２．２ｍｇ／ｌＺＴ＋３％蔗糖；诱导生根培养基为１２ＭＳ＋０．５ｍｇ／ｌＩＢＡ＋２％蔗糖。在相同培养条件下，不同品种的茎尖增重速率不同，从大到小依次为Ｔｙｒｉｎｔｈｏｓ、青皮杏、水晶杏、红荷包、玛瑙杏、串枝红、小白杏、沙金红、北瓜绵。随着继代次数的增加，芽增殖倍数呈上升趋势，然后又出现下降，不同的品种开始下降的继代范围不同。加长生长迟缓与分枝过快是杏微繁技术的主要问题之一，其原因可能与培养基中的氮素含量有关。试管苗的生根能力品种间差别也很大，研究的九个品种中，水晶杏生根最难，红荷包与Ｔｙｔｉｎｔｈｏｓ居中，龙王帽生根效应较好。

Shoot tips from 9 apricot cultivars were used for tissue culture. The results indicated that the media for specific stages were: Murashige and Skoog (MS) + 0.2 mg/L KT + 0.25 mg/L 2,4-D, 0.25 mg/L NAA +3% sucrose for initial culture; MS + 1.5 mg/L BA +0.1 mg/L IAA+2.5% sorbitol for proliferation culture; MS (1/2N) +2.2 mg/L ZT+3% surose for the lengthening growth of plantlets; 1/2 MS+0.5 mg/L IBA + 2% surose for rooting. The weight increments of shoot tips in various cultivars from high to low were as follows succesively: Tyrinthos,Qingpixing, Shuijingxing, Honghebao, Manaoxing, Chuanzhihong,Xiaobaixing, Shajinhong, and Beiguamian. The proliferation rate of buds had an increasing tend with increasing of subculture number, and then the proliferation rate began to decrease. Various cultivars had different numbers of subculture. Slow lengthening growth and quick branch frequency would be one of major problems for micropropagation of apricots. The reason might be related to low nitrogen content in the media. Rooted strength of the plantlets changed with various cultivars. The rooted strength of “shuijing” apricot was low, “Honghebao” and “Tyrinthos” was in medoum, “Longwangmao” was the highest among the cultivars studied.