1992年以来中学生心理健康的变迁:一项横断历史研究

Changes in Chinese Middle School Students' Mental Health(1992～2005):A Cross-Temporal Meta-Analysis

我国中学生的心理健康状况是否真的在逐渐下降呢?为回答这个问题,研究采用"横断历史研究"这种特殊的元分析方法,选取1992年至2005年间107篇采用90项症状自评量表(SCL-90)的研究报告,分析了111925名中学生在该量表9个因子上得分随年代的变化情况。研究结果表明:(1)SCL-90的7个因子均值与年代正相关显著(0.22～0.35),7个因子均值的增加量为0.09～0.22(效果量d为0.06～0.35),这说明1992至2005年间中学生的心理问题在缓慢增加,即中学生心理健康水平缓慢下降。(2)SCL-90的7个因子的标准差与年代间正相关显著(0.19～0.38),这说明中学生的心理健康水平不再像以前那样趋同,而是逐年变得更为分化。(3)中学生SCL-90得分与社会威胁、教育状况、经济状况三方面的10项社会指标相关显著,这说明社会变迁是预测中学生心理健康水平的重要因素。

In the field of psychology, traditional meta-analysis methods have mainly been used to quantitatively examine the typical effect size of homogenous studies about the same issues. However, there is a great variance in effect sizes in studies across different publication years, which has been regarded as random errors and consequently neglected in general. In the present study, we introduced a new approach known as cross-temporal meta-analysis （Twenge, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, etc. ）. This method was applied to examine the changes of Chinese middle school students＇mental health from 1992 to 2005 in this study. We also investigated correlations between 10 social indices, which have been categorized into three aspects （ social connectedness, educational conditions and economic states）, and SCL-90 scores. Using cross-temporal meta-analysis, the present study examined changes over time of Chinese middle school students＇scores on the Symptom Checklist 90 （SCL-90） in the past 14 years. One hundred and seven previous studies published or unpublished of mental health of middle school students （N = 111925） were included in the data. The results showed that ： （ 1 ） Moderate correlations were found between seven of nine SCL-90 dimensions and year of data collection （0.22 - 0.35 ）, suggesting that the mental health of Chinese middle school students has been slowly decreasing over time. （2） Correlations between the standard deviation of SCL-90 scores and year of data collection were positive （0.19 ~ 0.38）, suggesting that Chinese middle school students＇mental health level was more diverse than before. （3） Correlations between ten social indices and SCL-90 scores were positive, suggesting that changes on the three kinds of social factors may be responsible for the decrease in middle school students＇mental health. This may be the first study using cross-temporal meta-analysis to highlight whether Chinese middle school students ＂mental health decrease in the context of rapid social change in contemporary China. Because of the decrease of Chinese middle school students＇mental health, more attention should be paid on them.