K、V型雄性不育小麦保持系、恢复系预测的细胞学和生化标记的初步研究

STUDIES ON CYTOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL MARKER FOR PREDICTING MAINTAINER AND RESTORER LINES OF K AND V TYPES OF MALE STERILE WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM)

在光镜下观察了１６个恢复系和２２个保持系的根尖细胞有丝分裂中期的染色体随体数目，结果表明，除烟１９３３—５外，其余保持系均具有１对随体（６Ｂ），恢复系均具有２对随体（１Ｂ和６Ｂ）。用酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（Ａ—ＰＡＧＥ）对Ｋ、Ｖ型保持系、恢复系及部分杂种的麦醇溶蛋白进行电泳比较分析，结果表明，除烟１９３３—５、山农辐６３外，其余保持系均具有和黑麦相同的两条ω区带；除ｐＨ８５—４外，其余恢复系均不具有上述生化标记。该生化标记在Ｆ１代稳定遗传，表现共显性；Ｆ２代分离群体中，不论恢复度高低，大多数单株具有该生化标记。麦醇溶蛋白电泳技术和细胞学观察相结合，可相互验证实验结果，作为保持系和恢复系预测的有效手段，有可能提高转育不育系和选育恢复系的效率。

Mitosis of root tip cell of 22 maintainer lines and 14 restorer lines were observed under optical microscope.Except that yan 1933-5 had two pairs of satellite chromosomes,most maintainer lines had one pair of satellite chromosomes.All restorer lines had two pairs of satellite chromosomes.Those maintainer lines,restorer lines and some hybrids were analysed by acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(A-PAGE).Except shannongfu 63 and yan 1993-5,other maintainer lines had the same two bands in ω region as rye.Except pH85-4,other restorer lines had not the biochemical marker.This biochemical marker existed in F 1 hybrids,expressing co-dominance.Whether restoration degree was hegh or not ,most individual had the biochemical marker in F 2 population.Combining A-PAGE pattern of gliadins with cytological assay,experiment result can be verified.The method can be used to predict maintainer lines and restorer lines to increase efficiency of developing male sterile lines and restorer lines.