长江中游湖泊鱼类物种多样性结构及动态

Structure and Variation of Fish Diversity of Lakes in the Central Yangtze River

2002年7月～2003年4月,通过对长江中游6湖(西洞庭湖、黄盖湖、西凉湖、斧头湖、涨渡湖和赤湖)的实地调查,分析了各湖泊不同时期鱼类物种多样性结构及变化。结果表明:6湖鱼类物种数都有不同程度下降,但西洞庭湖损失的物种数最少;从各科减少的物种数来看,鲤科减少最多,为7～27种,其次是鳅科和鮠科。经聚类分析,通江湖泊与阻隔湖泊有着明显差异。各湖鱼类物种与高级分类阶元在数量上有极显著正相关关系(P<0.01);各湖鱼类在属水平上的物种频次分布均具规律性,随着物种数/属的增加,频次迅速减少,且乘幂模型拟合较好。认为长江中游湖泊的野生鱼类资源已经严重衰退,当前急需采取有效措施保护野生鱼类。

A survey of fish resource of six lakes （ West Dongting Lake, Huanggai Lake, Xiliang Lake, Futou Lake, Zhangdu Lake and Chihu Lake） in the Central Yangtze river had been run from 2002 to 2003. The variation of fish diversity structure had been analyzed, the results are shown as following ： 1 ） Number of fish species of six lakes decreased for different degree and it was least in West Dongting Lake; 2 ） In the number of extinct species of each family, Cyprinidae is most, reached 7 -27, following were Cobitidae and Bagridae. The linking lakes were different from the isolated lakes obviously after cluster analysis; 3 ） There were highly significantly correlations between species and genus or family in richness of fish in each lake（P 〈0.01 ） ; 4） The frequency of species in genus distributed regularly and could be stimulated with power model optimally. Therefore, the natural fishery resource of lakes in the Central Yangtze river has been decreased severely and it was urgently to protect wild fish prcssingly and effectively nowadays.